Medicines are among the most powerful tools in modern healthcare—helping us manage chronic illnesses, fight infections, and improve our quality of life. But not all pills are problem-free. In fact, certain medications—when used excessively or without supervision—can quietly damage one of the body’s most vital organs: the kidneys.
According to Dr. Sundar Sankaran, Program Director at Aster Institute of Renal Transplantation, Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru, the impact of medicines on kidney health is often underestimated.
“Kidneys are delicate organs, and some drugs can lead to nephrotoxicity—meaning the kidneys lose their ability to filter toxins effectively,” he explains.
What Is Nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity occurs when toxic substances damage the nephrons, the tiny filtering units inside the kidneys. Over time, this damage can lead to reduced kidney function, chronic kidney disease, or even kidney failure, which may require dialysis or transplant.
People with pre-existing conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney stones, or chronic kidney disease are especially at risk. Elderly individuals, too, may be more vulnerable due to age-related decline in organ function.
Which Medications Can Affect Kidney Health?
While medicines are essential in many cases, some can pose risks when:
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Taken in high doses
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Used long-term without medical guidance
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Combined with other drugs that strain the kidneys
Some examples include:
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Over-the-counter painkillers (like ibuprofen or naproxen)
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Certain antibiotics
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Proton pump inhibitors (used for acidity)
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Chemotherapy drugs
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Diuretics or water pills
Dr. Sankaran emphasizes:
“Not everyone will experience kidney damage from medications. But for those with existing risk factors, it’s essential to use these drugs only under medical supervision.”
How to Protect Your Kidneys
The good news is that protecting your kidneys isn’t complicated. A few healthy habits can go a long way:
✅ Avoid Self-Medication:
Always consult a doctor before taking any medication—especially if it’s long-term. Over-the-counter drugs may seem harmless but can add up over time.
✅ Stay Hydrated—but Wisely:
Water helps your kidneys filter waste. Around 2 liters a day is ideal for most people. But excessive water—especially after intense exercise without electrolyte balance—can also be harmful.
✅ Get Regular Check-Ups:
If you are on long-term medication, ask your doctor to check creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These tests help detect early signs of kidney trouble.
✅ Manage Diabetes & Blood Pressure:
Uncontrolled blood sugar and hypertension are the two leading causes of kidney damage. Keep them in check through diet, exercise, and regular monitoring.
✅ Eat Smart, Live Active:
A balanced diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle are simple yet powerful ways to support kidney and overall health.
