Families who brought puppies into their homes during the COVID-19 pandemic may have had high hopes for improved mental health and stronger family bonds, but new research reveals the reality is far more complex. A large UK survey, published in PLOS One, studied 382 adult caregivers and 216 children aged 8–17 to understand the wide-ranging impacts of puppy acquisition on families, especially children, since 2019.
Joys and Bonds
The study found that almost all families reported lasting mental health benefits from living with their dogs. Children described their puppies as confidants and friends, providing comfort, companionship, and a welcome distraction from the stress and isolation of lockdowns. Close physical contact, cuddling, hugging, and bed-sharing, was central to the child-dog relationship, bringing joy and helping children cope with anxiety and loneliness. Parents often noticed strong emotional bonds forming, with some children treating their dog as a surrogate sibling.
Unexpected Challenges
Despite these positives, the arrival of a puppy posed unforeseen difficulties. Over one-third of caregivers found living with a puppy harder than expected; first-time owners especially struggled with puppy nipping/biting and managing safe interactions between children and their new pet. Many reported an overwhelming “mental load,” as caring for a puppy was added to existing responsibilities like supervising remote schooling and household chores. In some cases, caregivers considered rehoming their dog due to behavior issues or the unexpected demands of dog care.
Negotiating Responsibilities
Parents had hoped their children would learn responsibility by helping care for their new puppy, but nearly half said their children eventually became less involved than expected. Children themselves reported frustration when puppies sought attention at inconvenient times, and some lost interest as they grew older. The study found that dynamics between siblings and dogs were unique and could change as children aged.
Safety Concerns
Many families allowed children to physically interact with dogs in ways that previous studies link to increased bite risk, and few recognized the need for stricter boundaries or supervision. Establishing safe dog-child interactions proved surprisingly challenging, especially for inexperienced owners and those with younger children.
Researchers caution that puppy acquisition should not be seen as a guaranteed solution for family mental health. The consequences, both positive and negative, are deeply interwoven with individual relationships within the household and often evolve over time. There is a need for future research and resources to support families in safely and successfully integrating dogs into their homes, with special attention to supporting new owners and maternal caregivers.
